1) Executive Summary Report on the Economy Dominican Republic
January-December 2015
During 2015, the Dominican economy grew by 7.0%, as measured by the change in the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), occupying the leadership position in economic growth in Latin America
for the second consecutive year, above Panama (5.9 %), Bolivia (4.5%), Nicaragua (4.0%),
Guatemala (3.9%), Honduras (3.4%), Colombia (3.1%), with the remaining countries below 3.0%.
The average for the region estimated by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin
America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) of -0.4% for last year.
In examining economic performance during 2015, the following sectors recorded favorable results:
Construction (19.1%); Financial Intermediation (9.2%); Trade (8.6%); Education (8.4%);
Transportation and Storage (6.4%); Hotels, Bars and Restaurants (6.3%); Health (6.5%); Local
Manufacturing (6.3%); Energy and Water (6.3%); Industrial Free Zones (5.1%); and Other Services
(4.1%). These activities account for 82.7% of growth for the period in question.
This behavior is consistent with the strength in the loan portfolio of the consolidated financial
system, which during 2015 channeled to the private sector an additional RD$89,162.8 million, for an
increase of 12.6% in annualized terms. Among the segments that received the greater share of
funding are: Trade, 22.6%; Hotels, Bars and Restaurants, 23.8%; Consumption, 19.6%; Home
Ownership, 15.9%; Manufacturing Industries, 13.3%; and Micro-Businesses, 33.7 percent.
In terms of the expenditure side of GDP, the increase was driven mainly by domestic demand, which
contributed 9.5 percentage points to the 7.0% y-o-y growth registered in 2015. As components if this
growth, an expansion of 20.4% in gross fixed capital formation and 5.1% in final consumption are
highlights. As for net exports, they exhibited a negative impact of 2.5 percentage points.
On the labor market, the results of the National Workforce Survey (ENFT, for its acronym in
Spanish) indicate that 155,189 net new jobs were created in the twelve months between October
2014 and October 2015, which when added to the 235,600 jobs created between October 2012 and
October 2014, represent a total of 390,789 added to the workforce during the 36-month period ending
in October 2015. It should be noted that approximately 85% of the jobs created in this period were in
the formal sector. As for the open unemployment rate, it fell from 6.4% in October 2014 to 5.9% in
the same prior-year period.
Inflation in 2015, as measured through the annualized change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI),
was 2.34%, impacted largely by the sharp fall in international oil prices, which attenuated the
increase registered in the CPI in the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages group, as a result of price
increases for some agricultural goods having a high weighting in the basic market basket, as a result
of the drought that has been prevalent in the country.
Regarding monetary policy, its application was focused on maintaining liquidity levels consistent
with the inflation target of 4.0% ± 1.0% set in the 2015 Monetary Program. Accordingly, after a
reduction of 125 basis points in the months of March and May, the Monetary Policy Rate (MPR)
remained at 5.00% per annum for the rest of the year.
In the external sector, the preliminary balance of payments results for the period from January to
December 2015 show that the downward trend that has prevailed since 2010 remains in place with
regard to the current account deficit as a percentage of GDP, which closed at 1.9%. That is below its
historical average and the lowest in the last decade. This reduction is mainly due to the substantial
2) fall in the international prices of oil and its derivatives, as well as an increase of 8.7% in tourism
revenue and sustained growth in inflows from family remittances.
Exports of goods fell by 3.8%, partly due to a ban imposed on 18 Dominican agricultural products, in
view of the presence of the medfly in the country, as well as the decision of the Haitian authorities to
ban land-based trade in 23 Dominican products. Also, there was a reduction in gold and silver
exports (-20.6% and -40.7%, respectively) as a result of technical problems affecting the operation at
the beginning and end of the year of the largest mining operation in the country for these minerals.
However, it should be noted that exports derived from the industrial free zones registered a growth of
4.8 percent.
Total imports decreased by 2.4% in 2015, mainly explained by a 34.9% drop in the cost of imported
oil and its derivatives, representing a significant savings for the country of US$1,353.1 million in the
oil bill when compared to 2014. It is worth noting that about 4.9 million barrels more of oil and
additional derivatives were imported in 2015 in comparison to the previous year, so this reduction
fully responds to the decrease of 41.4% in the price of these products. In contrast, non-oil imports,
which are closely linked to economic growth, exhibited an increase of 7.0 percent.
Regarding the balance of services, tourism revenue reached US$6,117.9 million as a result of the
increase of 458,482 in new visitor arrivals, representing a growth of 8.9% over the arrivals recorded
in 2014. Also, the current transfer balance saw an increase in family remittances of an additional
US$389.4 million over receipts for 2014. This result is linked to the economic recovery in the United
States, which is the source for 71.1% of total remittances.
Foreign Direct Investment reached US$2,221.5 million, which is higher by 0.6% compared to 2014.
It should be noted that this indicator is the net result of the new investment flows and repatriation of
profits. In that sense, the investment inflows grew by 5.9%, mostly concentrated in the tourism and
real estate sectors.
Preliminary results for Central Government operations recorded a surplus equivalent to 0.2% of
GDP. This was a result of the increase in related donations due to the purchase the Dominican
government made of the debt with the Venezuelan oil company, PDVSA, under the Petrocaribe
program, at a discount of 52% of face value.
Regarding the behavior of the Dominican financial sector, it continued to perform favorably during
2015, based on the sustained growth of its gross assets and liabilities, which showed annual increases
of 11.3% and 11.4%, respectively, as well as adequate levels of profitability and quality of the loan
portfolio.
Notably, the financial sector accumulated net profits of RD$24,252.8 million, higher by RD$2,424.4
million, or 11.1%, than those recorded in the same period of 2014. As for the sector’s main
indicators, the return on average equity (ROE) to December 2015 was 16.0%; the return on average
assets (ROA) was 1.9%; and the financial intermediation ratio for the sector, calculated as the ratio
between the total gross loan portfolio and total deposits from the public, was 79.9%. This is higher
by 3.4 percentage points than the ratio for the same date in 2014, when it was at 76.5 percent.
3)